Angelfish - Pterophyllum scalare

Scientific name: Pterophyllum scalare

Common name: Angelfish

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 12 - 15 cm (4.72 - 5.91 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 5.3 - 7.6

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 0 - 18°N (0 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 29 °C (73.4 - 84.2°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Origin

The Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) is native to the slow-moving rivers and floodplains of the Amazon Basin, which spans parts of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. These areas are characterized by soft, acidic waters with dense aquatic vegetation and submerged roots. To keep Angelfish healthy in captivity, it's important to mimic these natural conditions by maintaining soft water with a slightly acidic pH and providing plenty of vegetation and hiding spots.

Lifespan

With proper care, Angelfish can live for 7 years or more in a well-maintained aquarium. Providing a stable environment with optimal water conditions and a balanced diet is key to ensuring they reach their full lifespan.

Short Description

Angelfish are one of the most popular freshwater fish in the aquarium hobby due to their graceful appearance and relatively peaceful nature. They have a distinctive triangular shape with long, flowing fins and can grow up to 15 cm (5.91 inches) in captivity. Angelfish are generally peaceful, though they may show slight territorial behavior, especially during breeding. They thrive in tanks with stable water parameters and ample space for swimming. Angelfish are best suited for intermediate-level aquarists due to their specific care requirements.

General Care

Angelfish require a well-planted aquarium of at least 100 liters (26 gallons) for a small group. Larger tanks are preferred to allow for ample swimming space, particularly for their tall, vertical fins. The water temperature should be kept between 23-29°C (73.4-84.2°F), with a pH range of 5.3-7.6 and water hardness between 0-18°N (0-321.43 ppm). Angelfish are relatively adaptable but prefer slightly acidic, soft water conditions.

Plants that mimic their natural Amazonian habitat, such as Echinodorus bleheri and Hygrophila guianensis, are ideal for an Angelfish aquarium. These plants offer shade and hiding spots, which help reduce stress. Providing a balanced environment with gentle filtration and regular water changes is essential to keeping Angelfish healthy.

Compatible Fish Species

Angelfish are generally peaceful, making them suitable tankmates for other South American species that thrive in similar water conditions. Here are a few compatible species:

These species share similar water parameter requirements and peaceful temperaments, making them good companions for Angelfish in a community setup.

Tank Setup and Plants

Angelfish thrive in a well-planted tank that replicates their natural Amazon habitat. The following plants are suitable for an Angelfish aquarium due to their ability to tolerate soft, slightly acidic water:

A high-quality filtration system is vital for maintaining water clarity and stability. Large rocks and driftwood provide the Angelfish with hiding spots, while floating plants help recreate the shaded environments of their natural habitat. Perform regular water changes to keep water conditions stable, as Angelfish are sensitive to fluctuations in water quality.

Feeding

Angelfish are omnivores and will accept a wide range of foods. Their diet should include high-quality flakes or pellets supplemented with live or frozen foods like bloodworms, tubifex, or brine shrimp. Vegetables such as spinach or lettuce can also be offered as part of a balanced diet. It’s important to feed them in moderation to prevent digestive issues. Supplementing their diet with live or frozen foods at least twice a week helps maintain their health and vibrant coloration.

Sexing

Sexing Angelfish is challenging, as they do not exhibit significant physical differences between males and females. The best way to determine their sex is during breeding, when pairs form naturally. Males may display more territorial behavior during this period.

Breeding

Angelfish are egg-layers that usually spawn on flat surfaces, such as rocks or broad-leaved plants like Echinodorus. The parents will guard the eggs, but it's recommended to remove the fry or parents after they become free-swimming to prevent the fry from being eaten. Newly hatched fry can be fed finely crushed flake food or baby brine shrimp until they grow large enough to eat standard foods.

Pictures

Thanks to Jeff Catalina, Tom and Lorna Marie Kemble and Louise who have allowed us to use their pictures. Also thanks to Ala and Johan.

The below-shown pictures were bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk

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Did you know?

Koi’s that are kept in fish ponds are coloured much more than specimens kept in fish tanks.
Carbon dioxide is good for growing plants, however high concentrations may kill the fish (safe level is considered 12 mg/l).
Temperature in two fish tanks must be same if you’re moving fish from one to another, otherwise fish may suffer a shock and could die.
Chilling a tank in Summer can be performed by using ice, darkening the room or installing an air conditioner unit as well as by getting an aquarium chiller.
If your aquarium plants aren’t coloured as expected even you’re using plant fertilisers, then it’s possible that the ratio of nutriments isn’t correct.