Peacock bass - Cichla ocellaris

Scientific name: Cichla ocellaris

Common name: Peacock bass

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 68 - 74 cm (26.77 - 29.13 inch)

014

Recommended pH range for the species: 6.4 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 7 - 20°N (125 - 357.14ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 27 °C (73.4 - 80.6°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Origin

The Peacock Bass (Cichla ocellaris) originates from the tropical freshwater systems of South America. It is primarily found in the vast network of rivers, lakes, and floodplain regions in countries such as Guyana, Venezuela, and Brazil. These regions are part of the Amazon and Orinoco River basins, known for their warm, nutrient-rich waters that provide an ideal environment for this species to thrive. The natural habitat of the Peacock Bass features densely vegetated areas, submerged roots, and fallen logs, offering plenty of cover for both hunting and spawning. As apex predators in their ecosystem, Peacock Bass actively hunt smaller fish, insects, and crustaceans in the slow-moving waters. When recreating their natural environment in an aquarium, it is important to provide hiding spaces with rocks, driftwood, and sturdy plants, along with ample open water for swimming.

Lifespan

The lifespan of Peacock bass is believed to be around 15 years.

Short description

The Peacock Bass is a magnificent and highly active species known for its impressive size, vibrant coloration, and predatory behavior. With its striking appearance and voracious appetite, this cichlid quickly becomes a centerpiece in any large aquarium. However, due to its potential size of up to 74 cm (29.13 inches), it is best suited for public aquariums or very experienced aquarists with a large, well-maintained setup. This species requires a spacious environment, with a minimum tank size of at least 3.05m (ten feet) in length, to accommodate its active nature and prevent stress.

One of the defining characteristics of the Peacock Bass is its stunning coloration, featuring a greenish-blue body with yellowish sides and three black vertical stripes, accompanied by a series of black spots along the lateral line. These fish are known for their peaceful temperament toward their own species but display aggressive and predatory behavior toward smaller fish, which they often view as prey. Therefore, suitable tank mates should be of a similar size to prevent any potential predation.

The Peacock Bass requires excellent water quality, consistent filtration, and regular maintenance due to its high waste production. A sump filtration system is recommended for such a large setup, paired with weekly water changes to maintain optimal water conditions. Despite their aggressive feeding habits, they are not picky eaters and can thrive on a diverse diet of pellets, earthworms, beef heart, mussels, and spinach. Aquarists must exercise caution when introducing new fish to the tank, as these predatory cichlids may view smaller, slow-moving species as food. A tight-fitting lid is also necessary, as Peacock Bass can jump when startled.

Food and Feeding

Peacock Bass have a voracious appetite and require a varied diet to stay healthy. Provide them with quality pellets, earthworms, beef heart, mussels, and spinach. Regular feeding with a combination of meat-based and vegetable foods will help them grow and maintain vibrant coloration.

Sexing

There are no visible differences between the sexes except during spawning times. The female’s papilla becomes more rounded during this period. Mature males may develop a nuchal hump on their heads, which can be an indicator of their sex.

Breeding

Peacock Bass have not been reported to breed in home aquariums. In the wild, they are known to lay eggs in pits dug out of the muddy substrate. The female lays her eggs by making several passes over the spot, depositing a few eggs at a time. The male then fertilizes the eggs by passing over them and releasing his sperm. Once the fry are free swimming, the male will often chase the female away.

If attempting to rear fry, they can be siphoned out of the tank and transferred to a separate growing tank equipped with a sponge filtration system for aeration. The eggs usually hatch after 3-4 days, and the fry become free swimming a few days later. Newly hatched brine shrimp are an ideal first food for the fry, but feeding should only begin once the yolk sacs have been completely consumed. As they grow, introduce micro worms or similar foods to support their development.

Pictures

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk. Other pictures were provided by Coleman A. Crawford.