Orinoco eartheater - Biotodoma wavrini

Scientific name: Biotodoma wavrini

Common name: Orinoco eartheater

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 8 - 11 cm (3.15 - 4.33 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.4 - 7.2

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 6 - 19°N (107.14 - 339.29ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Food and Feeding

The Orinoco Eartheater is an omnivorous species that requires a balanced diet for optimal health and coloration. When first introduced to the aquarium, they may be hesitant to accept dry foods, so it is recommended to start with live or frozen options. Offer them a variety of foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia to help them settle in. Once acclimated, they may begin to accept high-quality flakes and cichlid pellets as a staple diet. Supplement their diet with live or frozen foods occasionally to ensure they receive all the necessary nutrients. Feeding them small portions two to three times a day will help maintain water quality and prevent overfeeding.

Origin

The Orinoco Eartheater (Biotodoma wavrini) originates from the South American continent, specifically the Rio Orinoco basin in Colombia and Venezuela. They inhabit slow-moving waters with sandy substrates, where they can sift through the sand for food. These waters are typically rich in tannins and have a slightly acidic to neutral pH, conditions that should be replicated in the home aquarium to keep them healthy and thriving.

Sexing

Distinguishing between male and female Orinoco Eartheaters can be quite challenging, as there are no obvious physical differences between the sexes. If you intend to breed this species, it is advisable to purchase a group of juveniles and allow them to form pairs naturally as they mature. Observing their behavior during the breeding season can sometimes provide clues, as males may display more intense coloration and become more territorial.

Breeding

Breeding Orinoco Eartheaters is both fascinating and rewarding for aquarists. As substrate spawners, these fish excavate shallow pits in the sandy substrate where the female will deposit her eggs. She diligently guards and cares for the nest, while the male becomes fiercely territorial, defending the spawning site from potential threats. Within about 10 days, the fry will become free-swimming. Initially, they should be offered Infusoria or other microscopic foods. A few days later, they can be transitioned to newly hatched brine shrimp as their main food source. Throughout the breeding process, it's crucial to maintain pristine water conditions to support the fry's health and survival.

Lifespan

The Orinoco Eartheater has a relatively moderate lifespan for a cichlid, typically living between 3 to 5 years when provided with proper care. Maintaining stable water conditions, offering a varied diet, and avoiding stress from aggressive tank mates are essential to ensure they live a full and healthy life.

Tank Setup and Environment

To create a suitable environment for the Orinoco Eartheater, it's crucial to replicate their natural habitat. Use a soft sandy substrate, as they are known for their "earth-eating" behavior, sifting through the sand in search of food. Adding smooth rocks, driftwood, and live plants will provide hiding spots and reduce stress. Suitable plant species include Amazon Swords, Java Fern, and Anubias. Keep the lighting subdued, and ensure there are open swimming areas for them to explore. The water should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a temperature range of 24-28°C (75-82°F).

Compatibility and Tank Mates

Orinoco Eartheaters are generally peaceful, but they can become territorial, especially during breeding. They can be kept with other non-aggressive, similarly sized fish. Suitable tank mates include peaceful cichlids such as Keyhole Cichlids, Bolivian Rams, and Silver Dollar Fish. They can also coexist with larger tetras, peaceful catfish like Corydoras, and Plecostomus. Avoid housing them with aggressive or fin-nipping species, as this can lead to stress and potential injury.

Short Description

The Orinoco Eartheater is a relatively rare and fascinating cichlid species in the aquarium hobby. While juveniles may appear somewhat drab, they develop beautiful coloration as they mature. Their unique behavior of sifting through the sand for food makes them an intriguing addition to a well-maintained aquarium. It's essential to provide a sandy substrate to accommodate their natural feeding habits and prevent damage to their delicate gill covers. With proper care and attention to their environmental needs, they can become a highlight in any South American-themed tank.

Pictures

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.