Haplochromis phenochilus

Scientific name: Haplochromis phenochilus

Common name: N/A

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 14 - 17 cm (5.51 - 6.69 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 8.1

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 10 - 23°N (178.57 - 410.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 22 - 26 °C (71.6 - 78.8°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Africa

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Food and Feeding

Haplochromis phenochilus are omnivorous but have a preference for high-protein foods. While they can be fed quality pellets or flakes, these should be given sparingly to prevent bloating, which is a common issue in African cichlids. Instead, their diet should primarily consist of:

• Live or frozen foods: Mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia.
• Vegetable matter: Spirulina-based flakes, blanched spinach, or cucumber slices.
• Occasional treats: Finely chopped earthworms or high-quality cichlid protein pellets.

Feed them 2-3 times per day in small portions to avoid overfeeding and maintain optimal digestion.

Origin

Haplochromis phenochilus is endemic to Lake Malawi, Africa. This species thrives in the rocky and sandy habitats of the lake, where they swim in the midwater regions searching for food. Their natural environment consists of highly oxygenated, warm waters with moderate to hard water conditions, which should be replicated in the home aquarium.

Sexing

Differentiating between males and females is easiest once they mature:

• Males: Slightly larger, with more intense coloration and elongated fins.
• Females: Smaller, with a rounder body shape and less vibrant coloration.

Breeding

Haplochromis phenochilus are maternal mouthbrooders, meaning the female carries the fertilized eggs in her mouth to protect them. To encourage successful breeding:

• Maintain a stable water temperature of 25-26°C (77-78.8°F).
• Keep one male with multiple females to prevent aggression.
• Provide flat surfaces for egg-laying.

After fertilization, the female collects the eggs in her mouth and incubates them for 2-3 weeks. During this period, she will not eat, focusing solely on protecting the eggs. Once the fry are released, they should be fed newly hatched brine shrimp and crushed flakes.

Lifespan

With proper care, Haplochromis phenochilus can live between 5-8 years, though some may exceed this in well-maintained tanks.

Tank Setup and Behavior

This species is peaceful for an African cichlid but may show aggression during breeding. To reduce territorial disputes, ensure a tank setup that mimics their natural habitat:

• Tank Size: A minimum of 200 liters (50 gallons) for a small group, with larger tanks preferred.
• Substrate: Sand or fine gravel to replicate Lake Malawi’s floor.
• Rocks and Hiding Spots: Use caves, rock structures, and driftwood to provide shelter.
• Swimming Space: Ensure open areas at the front of the tank for natural swimming behavior.

Water parameters should remain stable:

• Temperature: 22 - 26°C (71.6 - 78.8°F)
• pH: 7.0 - 8.1
• Hardness: 10 - 23 dGH

Suitable Tank Mates

While Haplochromis phenochilus are relatively peaceful, they should be housed with other Lake Malawi cichlids or non-aggressive species. Ideal tank mates include:

• Aulonocara (Peacock Cichlids) – Vibrant, peaceful cichlids.
• Yellow Lab Cichlids – Hardy and non-aggressive.
• Protomelas fenestratus – A larger, but compatible species.
• Synodontis Catfish – Good bottom-dwellers for cleaning.

Tank Mates to Avoid:

• Frontosa Cichlids – Too large and dominant.
• Melanochromis auratus – Overly aggressive.
• Mbuna Cichlids – May compete for territory.

Recommended Plants

Since Lake Malawi cichlids tend to dig, select hardy plants that can withstand occasional uprooting. Recommended plants include:

• Anubias – Resistant to cichlid nibbling.
• Bolbitis Heudelotii – Thrives in rocky setups.
• Vallisneria – Provides vertical cover.

Short Description

Haplochromis phenochilus is a peaceful, mid-sized African cichlid known for its striking coloration and fascinating mouthbrooding behavior. Native to Lake Malawi, these fish thrive in well-maintained aquariums with plenty of hiding spots, stable water conditions, and compatible tank mates. Their manageable temperament makes them an excellent choice for both intermediate and advanced cichlid enthusiasts.

Picture

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.