Pearl cichlid - Geophagus brasiliensis

Scientific name: Geophagus brasiliensis

Common name: Pearl cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 25 - 30 cm (9.84 - 11.81 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.6 - 7.3

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 19°N (89.29 - 339.29ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 21 - 25 °C (69.8 - 77°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Tank Requirements

The Pearl Cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis) is a stunning South American species known for its vibrant pearlescent scales and peaceful temperament toward its own kind. However, they can become territorial, especially when paired with smaller fish. Reaching a size of 25-30 cm (9.84-11.81 inches), these cichlids need a spacious tank to thrive. A minimum tank size of 75 gallons (284 liters) is recommended to provide ample swimming space and reduce aggression. Make sure to include rocks, driftwood, and other decorations to create hiding spots, as this will help them feel more secure in their environment.

Pearl Cichlids prefer soft to slightly hard water with a temperature range between 21-25°C (69.8-77°F). Maintain the water's pH between 6.6 and 7.3 to mimic their natural habitat. Ensure the aquarium has a gentle water flow, as they naturally inhabit slow-moving rivers and streams. A good filtration system is essential to maintain water quality, as these fish can produce a significant amount of waste, especially when fully grown. Weekly water changes of at least 25% are recommended to keep the water parameters stable and clean.

Tankmates

While Pearl Cichlids are peaceful toward their own species, they can show aggression toward smaller fish or those that invade their territory. Suitable tankmates should be large enough to defend themselves, but not aggressive enough to cause conflict. Some ideal companions include:

• Severum (Heros efasciatus)
• Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
• Silver Dollar (Metynnis hypsauchen)
• Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

It's essential to provide enough space for each species to establish its own territory and avoid overcrowding, which can lead to increased aggression. Smaller, more timid fish should be avoided as tankmates.

Food and Feeding

Pearl Cichlids are omnivores and require a varied diet to remain healthy and show their best coloration. A staple diet of high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes is recommended. To provide variety, supplement their diet with live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and chopped earthworms. Offering occasional vegetable-based foods like blanched spinach or peas can also benefit their health.

Feed your Pearl Cichlid 1-2 times per day, ensuring that all food is consumed within a few minutes. Avoid overfeeding, as these fish are prone to obesity, which can lead to health problems. Regularly clean any leftover food to maintain water quality.

Sexing

Distinguishing between male and female Pearl Cichlids can be challenging, as they lack obvious physical differences. In general, females may be slightly smaller than males, but this is not a reliable way to sex them. Observing breeding behavior is often the easiest way to tell the difference, as males tend to be more territorial during spawning.

Breeding

Breeding Pearl Cichlids is relatively straightforward once a pair is established. It is recommended to purchase a group of juveniles and allow them to pair naturally. When ready to spawn, the female will lay eggs in a cave or on the underside of an upturned plant pot, which should be provided in the breeding tank. The male will guard the territory while the female tends to the eggs. Spawning usually occurs in water temperatures of 24-26°C (75.2-78.8°F).

The eggs will hatch in about 3-4 days, and the fry will become free-swimming shortly afterward. At this stage, they can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flakes. The fry grow quickly and will soon be able to accept a more varied diet.

Lifespan

Pearl Cichlids have a relatively long lifespan of 10-15 years when provided with proper care and optimal water conditions. Regular tank maintenance, including water changes and a balanced diet, will help ensure they live long and healthy lives.

Short Description

The Pearl Cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis) is a large, robust fish that makes an impressive addition to any medium or large aquarium. Known for their pearlescent scales and striking appearance, they are relatively easy to care for as long as they are provided with a spacious tank and suitable tankmates. While peaceful toward their own species, they can become aggressive toward smaller fish. With proper care, Pearl Cichlids can live for over a decade, making them a long-term commitment for aquarists.

Picture

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.