Red terror - Cichlasoma festae

Scientific name: Cichlasoma festae

Common name: Red terror

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 30 - 50 cm (11.81 - 19.69 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 7.8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 15°N (89.29 - 267.86ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Origin

The Red Terror (Cichlasoma festae) originates from the tropical regions of South America, specifically the rivers and streams of Ecuador and Peru. In recent years, this species has also been introduced into warmer climates in other parts of the world, such as Asia, where they have adapted to new environments. Their natural habitats are usually slow-moving waters with plenty of cover from vegetation, rocks, and driftwood.

Lifespan

When provided with the proper care and environment, the Red Terror can live for up to 12 years, making them a long-term commitment for aquarists. Maintaining stable water conditions and providing a balanced diet are crucial for ensuring their longevity.

Short Description

As their name suggests, Red Terrors are known for their aggressive and territorial nature. They require a lot of space and are best suited for experienced aquarists who are familiar with keeping large, aggressive cichlids. Despite their fierce temperament, they are also admired for their stunning coloration, featuring vibrant reds, oranges, and blues, which become more intense as they mature. Successfully keeping and showcasing these fish can be a rewarding experience.

Tank Size: A minimum tank size of 100-150 gallons (454-682 liters, 120-180 US gallons) is essential for housing these large cichlids. Adults typically reach an average size of 30-50 cm (11.81-19.69 inches), with some males growing even larger. Due to their size and activity level, spacious tanks with plenty of swimming room are a must.

Tank Setup: Red Terrors are notorious diggers, so the tank décor should be kept simple. Incorporate a few sturdy rocks or driftwood to provide hiding places and territory markers. Use sand or smooth gravel as the substrate, as they will dig and rearrange their surroundings. Live plants are often dislodged by their digging behavior; therefore, using weighted artificial plants is recommended, although they might still be moved around by these powerful fish.

Filtration and Maintenance: These fish are high waste producers, so a robust filtration system is crucial to maintaining water quality. In addition to a powerful filter, regular water changes (approximately 25% weekly) are necessary to keep nitrate levels in check and provide a healthy environment. The water parameters should remain stable, with a temperature range of 24-28°C (75.2-82.4°F), a pH level of 7.0-7.8, and water hardness between 5-15°N (89.29-267.86 ppm).

Tank Mates: Due to their aggressive nature, Red Terrors should be kept with other large, robust fish that can hold their own, such as large South and Central American cichlids. Smaller fish will likely be seen as prey and should be avoided. Proper planning and careful observation are necessary when introducing any tank mates to avoid serious conflicts.

Possible Tank Mates

Given the aggressive and territorial nature of Red Terrors, choosing suitable tank mates can be challenging. However, they can coexist with other large, robust, and equally aggressive or semi-aggressive cichlids. Here are some potential tank mates:

• Oscar Cichlids (Astronotus ocellatus) - Oscars are large and can handle themselves well against aggressive species. They have a similar temperament, but ensure the tank is spacious enough to prevent constant territorial disputes.
• Jaguar Cichlids (Parachromis managuensis) - Another large and territorial cichlid, Jaguar Cichlids can coexist with Red Terrors in a large tank with plenty of hiding spots. Both species will establish territories, so ample space is key.
• Green Terror Cichlids (Aequidens rivulatus) - Green Terrors are known for their aggression and are similar in size. They can handle the assertive behavior of Red Terrors if given sufficient tank space.
• Jack Dempsey Cichlids (Cichlasoma octofasciatum) - These cichlids are robust and territorial, making them potential tank mates. Ensure the tank has enough space for territories to reduce conflicts.
• Midas Cichlids (Amphilophus citrinellus) - Midas Cichlids are aggressive and can stand up to Red Terrors. A spacious tank with defined territories is crucial to minimize fighting.
• Common Pleco (Hypostomus plecostomus) - Large plecos are generally peaceful and occupy the bottom of the tank. They can help with algae control, but provide hiding spots as they may be harassed by the Red Terror.
• Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) - Another large and territorial cichlid that can match the assertiveness of the Red Terror. Ensure there are plenty of caves and rocks to define territories.

Important Considerations:

• Tank Size: A large tank (preferably 150 gallons or more) is essential to reduce aggression by giving each fish enough territory.
• Tank Setup: Incorporate plenty of rocks, driftwood, and caves to create distinct territories. This setup helps minimize conflicts by providing hiding spots and territory markers.
• Monitoring: Always keep a close eye on interactions between tank mates, especially when first introduced. Have a backup plan (like a separate tank) in case aggression becomes uncontrollable.

When introducing any new fish, it is best to do so while they are still juveniles to allow them to grow up together and establish their social hierarchy gradually.

Feeding

The Red Terror is an omnivore, and in captivity, they require a varied diet to stay healthy. A high-quality pellet food should serve as the staple, but it is important to supplement their diet with protein-rich foods. Offer chopped earthworms, prawns, mealworms, and occasional treats like live or frozen feeder fish. Additionally, provide vegetable matter by offering chopped cucumber, zucchini, peas, and romaine lettuce to help balance their diet. Including plant-based foods helps maintain their vivid coloration and supports their overall digestive health.

Sexing

Sexing Red Terrors can be accomplished by observing their size and coloration. Mature males tend to grow larger than females and exhibit a blue spangle pattern around the head region. In contrast, females retain their distinct red coloration throughout most of their lives. This difference becomes more pronounced as they age, making sex identification easier in mature individuals.

Breeding

Breeding Red Terrors can be challenging due to their aggressive nature, and it is recommended only for experienced aquarists. To increase the chances of forming a compatible pair, it is advisable to purchase a small group of juveniles and allow them to pair off naturally as they mature. Attempting to force a pairing between adult males and females often leads to heightened aggression and possible injury.

Once a pair is formed, move them to a dedicated breeding tank to avoid aggression towards other fish. The breeding tank should contain several flat rocks or surfaces where the male can prepare potential spawning sites. The female will inspect these sites and choose one to deposit her eggs. After fertilization by the male, the female will assume the role of guarding the nest, while the male patrols the surrounding area to keep intruders away.

Fry Care: The eggs typically hatch within 3-4 days, at which point the parents will transfer the fry to small pits they have dug in the substrate. During this period, both parents exhibit strong protective behavior to ensure the safety of the brood. Once the fry are free-swimming, they can be fed newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food to support their growth.

Additional Notes

Red Terrors are best suited for aquarists with experience managing large, aggressive cichlid species. They require careful monitoring of water parameters, a spacious and well-decorated tank, and a varied diet to thrive. Regular maintenance, including water changes and filter upkeep, is essential to prevent waste buildup and maintain optimal water conditions. By creating an environment that mirrors their natural habitat and providing proper care, aquarists can enjoy the vibrant beauty and unique behavior of these impressive fish.

Pictures

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