Convict cichlid - Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

Scientific name: Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

Common name: Convict cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 13 - 15 cm (5.12 - 5.91 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 12°N (71.43 - 214.29ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 20 - 27 °C (68 - 80.6°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Central America

Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Tank Requirements

The Convict Cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus) is a hardy and aggressive species native to the streams and rivers of Central America. These fish are known for their territorial behavior and will require an aquarium of at least 30 gallons (113 liters) for a single pair. A larger tank is recommended for multiple Convicts or other tankmates to provide adequate space for territory establishment.

Water conditions should be maintained with a pH range of 6.0-8.0 and water hardness between 4-12°N (71.43-214.29 ppm). Convict Cichlids thrive in water temperatures between 20-27°C (68-80.6°F), and it's essential to provide a strong filtration system to handle the bio-load created by these active fish. Decorate the tank with rocks, caves, and driftwood to mimic their natural habitat and give them plenty of hiding spots, especially during breeding. A sand or fine gravel substrate is preferred, as these fish enjoy digging.

Tankmates

Convict Cichlids are aggressive and territorial, particularly during breeding. Careful consideration should be given when selecting tankmates. It's best to keep them with similarly sized and robust fish that can tolerate their behavior. Some suitable tankmates include:

• Oscar Cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus)
• Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
• Jack Dempsey Cichlid (Cichlasoma octofasciatum)
• Green Terror Cichlid (Aequidens rivulatus)

It's important to avoid housing Convict Cichlids with smaller or peaceful species, as they may become targets of aggression or be eaten.

Feeding

Convict Cichlids are omnivores, making their diet quite easy to manage. They will accept a wide variety of foods, including high-quality pellets or granules, live feeder fish (such as guppies), tubifex, small worms, and insects. In addition to protein-rich foods, it's essential to provide them with a well-rounded diet that includes vegetables like blanched peas, spinach, and zucchini.

To ensure optimal health, include vitamin-enriched foods and occasional treats like bloodworms or brine shrimp. Feed them once or twice a day, making sure not to overfeed, as uneaten food can contribute to poor water quality and obesity.

Sexing

Sexing Convict Cichlids is relatively straightforward. Males are generally larger than females and may develop a nuchal hump on their heads as they mature. Females often have brighter orange or pink coloration on their bellies, particularly during breeding periods. Additionally, males tend to have longer, more pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to the females.

Breeding

Breeding Convict Cichlids is relatively easy, as they are prolific spawners. Like other Central American cichlids, they will clean a flat surface, such as a rock or a cave, and the female will lay her eggs while the male fertilizes them. Both parents will fiercely guard the eggs and fry from any potential threats, making them excellent caretakers.

The eggs will hatch within 3-4 days, depending on the water temperature, and the fry will become free-swimming in about a week. At this point, the fry can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food. Convict Cichlids are known for their aggressive protection of their young, so it's essential to provide adequate space for the parents to prevent aggression towards other fish in the tank.

Lifespan

With proper care and water conditions, Convict Cichlids can live up to 10 years or more in a home aquarium. Regular maintenance and a healthy diet will help them reach their full lifespan potential.

Short Description

The Convict Cichlid is a highly territorial and aggressive species, especially during breeding. Despite their aggression, they are popular among cichlid enthusiasts due to their hardy nature, ease of care, and interesting behaviors. These fish are native to Central America, where they inhabit streams and rivers with rocky substrates. Convict Cichlids are ideal for aquarists looking for a robust and active cichlid species that thrives in a well-maintained tank with plenty of hiding spaces and suitable tankmates.

Picture credit

Thanks to Kevin who has allowed us to use his pictures. Some pictures were sent by Krysta Kehoe. Other pictures were bought from jjphoto.dk. Also thanks to Jonathon Whipple.