Jewel cichlid - Hemichromis bimaculatus

Scientific name: Hemichromis bimaculatus

Common name: Jewel cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 10 - 13 cm (3.94 - 5.12 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 7.8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 18°N (71.43 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Africa

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Origin

The Jewel Cichlid, scientifically known as Hemichromis bimaculatus, hails from Africa, primarily inhabiting the rivers and streams of West Africa. They are commonly found in slow-moving waters with muddy substrates, densely vegetated banks, and an abundance of hiding spots. In the wild, these cichlids experience a variety of water conditions depending on the season, including changes in temperature, pH, and water flow. Mimicking their natural habitat in the aquarium helps to reduce stress and encourages natural behaviors, making them a vibrant and active addition to any tank.

Appearance

Jewel Cichlids are renowned for their stunning coloration, particularly when they reach maturity or during spawning periods. They possess a brilliant, iridescent red body covered in jewel-like blue spots, which become even more intense in breeding mode. Adult specimens grow to about 10-13 cm (3.94-5.12 inches) in aquariums, and their vibrant colors make them a striking focal point in a home setup. Males tend to be slightly larger and exhibit more vivid coloration than females, especially when ready to breed.

Feeding and Diet

Jewel Cichlids are omnivorous and thrive on a varied diet. Although they will readily accept high-quality flakes or pellets, their diet should be supplemented with protein-rich foods to support their growth, coloration, and overall health. Live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and live tubifex worms are excellent options. Occasionally offering blanched vegetables like spinach or zucchini provides essential nutrients and adds variety to their diet.

Feed adult Jewel Cichlids once or twice a day, offering only what they can consume in a few minutes to prevent overfeeding and maintain water quality. Younger fish may benefit from more frequent, smaller meals throughout the day. Providing a diverse diet helps enhance their vibrant coloration and supports a strong immune system, promoting a longer, healthier lifespan.

Tank Setup and Environment

Jewel Cichlids are territorial and can be highly aggressive, particularly during breeding periods. Therefore, a spacious aquarium is essential to accommodate their active nature and minimize territorial disputes. A tank of at least 115 liters (30 gallons) is suitable for a single pair, but a larger tank (200 liters/50 gallons or more) is recommended if keeping them with other fish.

To replicate their natural habitat, use a sandy or fine gravel substrate and incorporate plenty of decorations, such as rocks, driftwood, and caves, to create hiding spots and break up the line of sight. This setup helps reduce aggression and provides the cichlids with designated territories. Including hardy, robust plants like Anubias or Java Fern can add additional hiding places and create a more natural environment, although some Jewel Cichlids may uproot or nibble on plants.

Maintain moderate lighting to enhance their natural colors and avoid stressing the fish. A powerful filtration system is crucial to keep the water clean, as Jewel Cichlids produce a significant amount of waste. Regular water changes (20-30% weekly) are essential to maintain optimal water conditions and reduce the build-up of toxins. Install an adjustable heater to maintain a stable water temperature, which is vital for their health and well-being.

Water Parameters

Jewel Cichlids are relatively adaptable to various water conditions but prefer a pH range of 6.0-7.8 and water hardness between 4-18°N (71.43-321.43 ppm). They thrive in warm water, with a recommended temperature range of 22-28°C (71.6-82.4°F). Regular monitoring of water parameters is crucial, as fluctuations can cause stress and increase aggression in these cichlids.

To maintain these conditions, use a pH test kit weekly and check the carbonate hardness (KH) and general hardness (GH) to ensure the water remains within their preferred range. Jewel Cichlids require well-oxygenated water, so ensure adequate surface agitation and use an air stone if necessary. Proper aeration helps mimic their natural riverine environment and supports their active lifestyle.

Behavior and Compatibility

Jewel Cichlids are known for their vibrant colors and territorial behavior, particularly when breeding. While they are generally peaceful toward their own species when not spawning, they can become highly aggressive towards other tankmates, especially those that intrude on their territory. Because of this, they are best kept in a species-only tank or with other robust, similarly sized cichlids that can defend themselves.

If housed in a community setup, choose tankmates wisely. Suitable companions include larger, non-aggressive species like Synodontis catfish or other African cichlids that can match the Jewel Cichlid's temperament. Avoid keeping them with small, delicate fish, as they may be harassed or injured. Providing plenty of hiding places and visual barriers in the tank is key to managing aggression and reducing stress among tank inhabitants.

Sexing

Sexing Jewel Cichlids can be challenging, especially when they are not in breeding mode. Males are typically larger and exhibit more intense coloration compared to females, particularly during spawning periods. Observing their behavior during courtship can also provide clues, as males often display more assertive and vibrant displays to attract females. However, for most aquarists, distinguishing between males and females may require close observation over time.

Breeding

Breeding Jewel Cichlids in captivity is relatively straightforward, but it requires careful preparation to ensure success. To induce spawning, slightly raise the water temperature to around 26-28°C (78.8-82.4°F) and provide plenty of flat surfaces, such as rocks or broad-leaved plants, for the female to lay her eggs. The pair will clean the selected site before spawning, and the female can lay up to 500 eggs in a single batch.

Both parents take an active role in guarding the eggs and newly hatched fry. The eggs typically hatch within 2-4 days, and the parents will move the fry to different areas of the tank for protection until they become free-swimming. Once the fry are free-swimming, they can be fed newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food. During the breeding period, the adults can become extremely aggressive, so it is advisable to provide ample space and hiding spots for other tankmates.

Lifespan

The expected lifespan of the Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis bimaculatus) is up to 5 years, although with optimal care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Their longevity is influenced by factors such as diet, water quality, tank size, and overall stress levels in the aquarium environment.

Short Description

Jewel Cichlids are a vibrant, territorial species known for their stunning red and blue coloration. Native to the rivers of West Africa, they thrive in aquariums that replicate their natural habitat with plenty of hiding spots and well-maintained water conditions. Due to their aggressive nature, especially during breeding, they are best suited for experienced aquarists and should be kept in species-only tanks or with carefully selected tankmates. Their active, fascinating behaviors make them a rewarding choice for those prepared to meet their care requirements.

Pictures

Thanks to Jeff Catalina for allowing us to use the picture. The second picture came from another souce (see the picture for more details). Other pictures were bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk. Also Jonathon Whipple sent us some pictures.