Severum - Heros efasciatus

Scientific name: Heros efasciatus

Common name: Severum

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 12 - 15 cm (4.72 - 5.91 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 7.3

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 13 - 23°N (232.14 - 410.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Food and feeding

Severums can be somewhat selective eaters, but they will generally accept a variety of foods. Their primary diet should consist of high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes, which provide balanced nutrition. Severums also appreciate treats such as live or frozen foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and glass worms. Although they are omnivorous, avoid offering fatty meats like beef heart too often as this can lead to digestive issues. To meet their plant matter needs, you can supplement their diet with blanched spinach, zucchini, and peas. Maintaining a varied diet ensures that Severums receive all necessary nutrients for vibrant color and healthy growth.

Origin

Severums are native to the slow-moving rivers, tributaries, and floodplain lakes of the Amazon River Basin in South America. They thrive in soft to moderately hard water with dense vegetation and submerged roots or branches, which mimic their natural habitat.

Sexing

Male Severums tend to have brighter, more vivid markings on their gill plates compared to females. Additionally, males develop extended dorsal and anal fins as they mature, making them easier to distinguish from females. Females tend to have a more rounded body shape and less prominent fin extensions.

Breeding

Breeding Severums is relatively straightforward once a pair has formed, but forming a bond can take time. It is recommended to raise a group of juveniles together and allow them to pair naturally. Severums are substrate spawners, meaning the female will clean a flat surface, such as a rock or piece of driftwood, before laying her eggs. The male follows closely behind, fertilizing the eggs. Both parents take an active role in guarding and caring for the eggs, and this protective behavior continues once the fry hatch. After the fry are free-swimming, they can be fed newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flakes until they are large enough to transition to regular food. The parents will continue to care for the fry until they are able to fend for themselves.

Lifespan

The expected lifespan of a Severum ranges between 5 and 10 years, depending on water quality and general care. Consistent tank maintenance, including regular water changes and a balanced diet, will help maximize their lifespan.

Tankmates

Severums can be aggressive and territorial, especially during breeding periods. Therefore, tankmates should be chosen carefully. It is best to house Severums with other large, robust fish that can hold their own in a shared environment. Some suitable tankmates include:

• Oscar Cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus)
• Green Terror Cichlid (Andinoacara rivulatus)
• Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
• Ocellated synodontis (Synodontis ocellifer)
• Silver Dollar (Metynnis hypsauchen)

Avoid keeping Severums with small, delicate fish, as they may become targets of aggression. Providing ample hiding places with rocks, driftwood, or other decorations will help reduce territorial conflicts in the tank.

Tank setup

Severums require a spacious tank of at least 200 liters (approximately 50 gallons) due to their size and territorial nature. The tank should be equipped with large rocks, driftwood, and other decor to create hiding spots and establish territories. Adding aquatic plants is possible, but be mindful that Severums may uproot or nibble on softer plants. Hardy plants such as Java Fern or Anubias are better suited for their tanks. These fish thrive in water temperatures between 22-28°C (71.6-82.4°F) with a pH range of 6-7.3, and water hardness between 13-23°N (232.14-410.71 ppm). To maintain water quality, invest in a high-quality filtration system, as Severums produce a considerable amount of waste. Regular water changes of 25-30% weekly are also essential to keep water parameters stable.

Short description

Severums, also known as Heros efasciatus, are large, visually appealing cichlids that are relatively easy to care for but require meticulous tank maintenance. Their territorial nature means they should be housed with similarly sized, robust tankmates. These fish are best suited for intermediate aquarists who can meet their specific needs, including a well-maintained tank environment and a balanced diet. Severums are available in various color morphs, including green, gold, and turquoise, adding a splash of color to any aquarium.

Pictures

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