Bolivian ram - Mikrogeophagus altispinosus

Scientific name: Mikrogeophagus altispinosus

Common name: Bolivian ram

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 6 - 8 cm (2.36 - 3.15 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.4 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 13°N (71.43 - 232.14ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 22 - 27 °C (71.6 - 80.6°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Food and Feeding

Bolivian Rams (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus) are omnivores, meaning they thrive on a balanced diet of both animal and plant-based foods. To ensure optimal health, provide a staple diet of high-quality flakes or sinking pellets. Supplement their diet with:

• Live or frozen foods: Brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia.
• Vegetable matter: Spirulina wafers, blanched spinach, zucchini slices.
• Occasional treats: Tubifex worms or finely chopped earthworms.

For best results, feed small portions 2-3 times per day to match their natural grazing habits and prevent food waste.

Origin

The Bolivian Ram is native to South America, specifically found in the slow-moving rivers and floodplains of Bolivia and Brazil. They inhabit warm, slightly acidic waters with sandy substrates, submerged driftwood, and dense vegetation, providing plenty of hiding spots.

Sexing

Sexing Bolivian Rams can be challenging, but key differences include:

• Males: Slightly larger, with elongated dorsal and caudal fins and more pronounced colors.
• Females: Smaller, with a rounder belly, especially when carrying eggs.

Breeding

Bolivian Rams are substrate spawners, and breeding in captivity is relatively easy if conditions are ideal. To encourage spawning:

• Provide flat rocks as spawning sites.
• Maintain soft, slightly acidic water with a stable temperature of 26-27°C (78-80°F).
• Offer a protein-rich diet to enhance breeding readiness.

Before laying eggs, both parents will clean a chosen surface. The female deposits 100-200 eggs, which the male fertilizes. The female guards the eggs, while the male protects the territory. The eggs hatch within 2-3 days, and the fry become free-swimming after about 5-7 days. Initially, fry should be fed Infusoria, followed by newly hatched brine shrimp.

Lifespan

With proper care, Bolivian Rams typically live between 4-6 years, though some individuals may exceed this lifespan in pristine conditions.

Tank Setup and Behavior

Bolivian Rams are peaceful dwarf cichlids, making them ideal for community aquariums. They prefer planted tanks with ample hiding places and a sandy or fine gravel substrate to protect their delicate barbels while foraging. Water parameters should be stable:

• Temperature: 22 - 27°C (71.6 - 80.6°F)
• pH: 6.4 - 7.5
• Hardness: 4 - 13 dGH

While territorial during breeding, Bolivian Rams are generally peaceful and social, especially when kept in small groups of 4-6 individuals.

Tank Mates

Bolivian Rams coexist well with other non-aggressive species. Suitable tank mates include:

• Neon Tetras – Small, peaceful companions.
• Rummy Nose Tetras – Excellent schooling fish.
• Harlequin Rasboras – Compatible due to similar water preferences.
• Otocinclus Catfish – Gentle bottom dwellers.
• Sterbai Corydoras – Active and peaceful companions.

Tank mates to avoid:

• Oscars – Too large and aggressive.
• Green Terrors – Can harass or stress Bolivian Rams.
• Convict Cichlids – Too territorial.

Recommended Plants

Since Bolivian Rams thrive in planted aquariums, adding broad-leaved and low-light plants enhances their environment. Suitable plants include:

• Java Fern – Hardy and adaptable.
• Anubias – Perfect for attachment to driftwood or rocks.
• Cryptocoryne Wendtii – Provides natural cover.
• Java Moss – Creates excellent spawning sites.

Short Description

The Bolivian Ram (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus) is a peaceful, hardy dwarf cichlid that thrives in community aquariums. Known for their vibrant coloration, social behavior, and ease of care, they make a great choice for both beginner and experienced aquarists. Providing a well-maintained tank with plants, hiding spots, and stable water conditions ensures they remain healthy and display their natural behaviors.

Pictures

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk. Also thanks to Jonathon Whipple.