Lionhead cichlid - Steatocranus casuarius

Scientific name: Steatocranus casuarius

Common name: Lionhead cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 10 - 12 cm (3.94 - 4.72 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 8 - 18°N (142.86 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Africa

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Food and Feeding

The Lionhead Cichlid (Steatocranus casuarius) is an omnivorous species that thrives on a balanced diet of both plant-based and protein-rich foods. A high-quality diet ensures proper health and coloration. Their staple diet should consist of:

• High-quality flakes or sinking pellets: Specifically formulated for cichlids.
• Protein-based treats: Brine shrimp, bloodworms, chopped mussels, and cockles.
• Vegetable matter: Blanched spinach, zucchini, and spirulina-based foods.

Feed small portions twice a day to prevent overfeeding and maintain optimal water quality.

Origin

The Lionhead Cichlid is native to Africa, specifically found in the Congo River system. These fish inhabit fast-flowing waters with rocky substrates, making them well-adapted to strong currents and highly oxygenated environments.

Sexing

Sexing Steatocranus casuarius is relatively easy once they reach maturity:

• Males: Grow larger, develop a prominent nuchal hump (bulging forehead), and display darker coloration.
• Females: Smaller, lack the pronounced hump, and may have a more rounded belly.

Breeding

Lionhead Cichlids are cave spawners and form strong pair bonds, often pairing for life. To encourage breeding:

• Provide caves, plant pots, or hollow driftwood as spawning sites.
• The male digs a pit near the selected cave, where the female will lay up to 100 eggs.
• Both parents guard the eggs, which hatch in approximately 4 days.
• Fry become free-swimming after 5 days and should be fed newly hatched brine shrimp or powdered fry food.

This species exhibits strong parental care, with both parents actively protecting and guiding the fry.

Lifespan

With proper care, Lionhead Cichlids typically live between 5-8 years, although some specimens may exceed this lifespan in ideal conditions.

Tank Setup and Behavior

Steatocranus casuarius is a peaceful yet territorial cichlid that thrives in a well-structured aquarium. To replicate their natural habitat:

• Use fine sand or smooth gravel as the substrate.
• Provide plenty of hiding spots with rocks, driftwood, and caves.
• Ensure strong water flow and high oxygenation, as these fish originate from fast-moving waters.
• Keep stable water parameters with a pH of 6.0-8.0 and a temperature of 24-28°C (75.2-82.4°F).

They are social fish and should be kept in pairs or small groups. While peaceful, males may become territorial, especially during breeding.

Tank Mates

Although peaceful, Lionhead Cichlids should be housed with species that can tolerate strong water flow. Compatible tank mates include:

• Congo Tetras – Active, mid-level swimmers that thrive in similar conditions.
• Kribensis Cichlids – Peaceful dwarf cichlids with similar temperament.
• African Butterfly Fish – Surface dwellers that coexist well.
• Synodontis Catfish – Bottom dwellers that complement the setup.

Tank mates to avoid:

• Oscars – Too large and aggressive.
• Jewel Cichlids – Can become overly aggressive.
• Midas Cichlids – Highly territorial.

Recommended Plants

While Lionhead Cichlids prefer rocky setups, adding plants enhances the tank’s aesthetics and provides additional cover. Suitable plants include:

• Anubias – Hardy and attaches well to driftwood.
• Java Fern – Thrives in moderate lighting.
• African Water Fern – Perfect for fast-flowing environments.

Short Description

The Lionhead Cichlid (Steatocranus casuarius) is a peaceful, bottom-dwelling cichlid known for its distinctive nuchal hump and fascinating behaviors. Native to the Congo River, these fish prefer fast-moving, well-oxygenated waters and thrive in rocky setups with ample hiding spots. They form strong pair bonds, are easy to breed, and exhibit excellent parental care, making them a favorite among aquarists looking for a unique and interactive fish.

Pictures

Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.