Firemouth cichlid - Thorichthys meeki

Scientific name: Thorichthys meeki

Common name: Firemouth cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 12 - 15 cm (4.72 - 5.91 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.6 - 8.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 30°N (71.43 - 535.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Central America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Food and Feeding

The Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki) is an omnivorous species that will readily consume a variety of foods. A well-balanced diet should include high-quality algae flakes, pellets, and cichlid-specific food that provides essential nutrients for optimal health. Occasional treats such as dried krill, tubifex worms, live bloodworms, and brine shrimp can enhance their coloration and overall vitality.

Sexing

Both male and female Firemouth Cichlids display the distinctive red underside that gives them their common name. However, males tend to have more vibrant and pronounced coloration, while females appear slightly paler. Additionally, males typically have longer, more pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to females.

Breeding

Firemouth Cichlids are substrate spawners, meaning they prefer to lay their eggs on a flat, hard surface. The female will deposit up to 300 eggs, and the male will follow closely behind to fertilize them. Both parents take an active role in brood care: the female continuously fans the eggs to ensure proper oxygenation, while the male guards the territory against potential threats. The eggs hatch within 2–3 days, and the fry become free-swimming after approximately four more days. Parental care continues until the juveniles are strong enough to fend for themselves.

Lifespan

With proper care, Firemouth Cichlids can live up to 15 years, and in exceptional cases, even longer. Maintaining high water quality, a nutritious diet, and a stress-free environment will help maximize their lifespan.

Origin and Natural Habitat

Native to Central America, Thorichthys meeki is found in freshwater habitats across Belize, Guatemala, and the Yucatán Peninsula. They inhabit slow-moving rivers, lakes, and lagoons with sandy or muddy substrates, often preferring areas with submerged roots and dense vegetation.

Tank Requirements and Behavior

Although considered one of the more peaceful Central American cichlids, Firemouth Cichlids can exhibit territorial behavior, particularly during breeding periods. They often use intimidation tactics, such as flaring their gills and expanding their bodies, to ward off intruders rather than engaging in direct combat. To minimize aggression, they should be housed with similarly sized and temperamentally compatible tankmates. The aquarium should include caves, driftwood, and other hiding spots to create a structured environment that reduces territorial disputes.

Suitable Tankmates

Firemouth Cichlids coexist best with other moderately aggressive or robust fish species. Some suitable tankmates include:

• Oscar Cichlids (Astronotus ocellatus)
• Severum Cichlids (Heros severus)
• Convict Cichlids (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus)
• Silver Dollars (Metynnis hypsauchen)
• Clown Loaches (Chromobotia macracanthus)

Suitable Plants

Firemouth Cichlids appreciate live plants, but they may uproot or nibble on delicate species. Hardy plants that can withstand their activity include:

• Anubias (Anubias spp.)
• Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)
• Amazon Sword (Echinodorus amazonicus)
• Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
• Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne spp.)

Short Description

The Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki) is a visually striking species with a reputation for being relatively peaceful yet capable of asserting dominance when necessary. Their signature red throat and gill flaring behavior make them fascinating additions to the aquarium. They thrive in well-structured environments with ample hiding spots and should be housed with similarly sized tankmates to prevent bullying. With proper care, they make excellent additions to freshwater aquariums.

Pictures

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