Frontosa cichlid - Cyphotilapia frontosa

Scientific name: Cyphotilapia frontosa

Common name: Frontosa cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 25 - 30 cm (9.84 - 11.81 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 8.9

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 12 - 30°N (214.29 - 535.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 29 °C (73.4 - 84.2°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Africa

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Origin

The Frontosa Cichlid (Cyphotilapia frontosa) is native to the deep, rocky waters of Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. This lake, the second largest in the world by volume, provides a unique ecosystem where Frontosas have adapted to depths of up to 60 feet (18 meters) or more. These fish inhabit the rocky shorelines and underwater cliffs, where they find ample hiding spots and food sources. There are seven recognized geographical variants of Frontosa Cichlids, each adapted to different regions of the lake: Burundi, Karilani, Kavala, Kigoma, Mpimbwe, Zaire, and Zambia. These variants differ slightly in coloration and patterns, making them a diverse and intriguing species for aquarists.

Food and Feeding

Frontosa Cichlids are omnivores with a preference for a high-protein diet. In their natural habitat, they primarily feed on smaller fish, invertebrates, and crustaceans. In the aquarium, they will readily accept a variety of foods, including live foods such as earthworms, brine shrimp, and small fish. To ensure they receive a balanced diet, include high-quality prepared foods like cichlid pellets, algae wafers, and flakes. Frozen foods such as bloodworms, krill, and even beef heart can be offered as occasional treats to enhance their coloration and health.

Frontosas are known for their slow metabolism, so it's crucial to feed them moderate portions to avoid overfeeding. Offer food once or twice a day, ensuring that they consume it within a few minutes. Since they prefer to feed near the bottom, using sinking pellets and foods is recommended. Additionally, providing a varied diet will help prevent nutritional deficiencies and keep them in peak condition.

Sexing

Sexing Frontosa Cichlids can be challenging, especially when they are young. Males and females look quite similar during their juvenile stages. However, as they mature, males develop a larger, more pronounced nuchal hump on their heads, giving them a more dominant appearance. The hump can vary in size depending on the individual and the variant. Mature males are generally larger than females and may have slightly longer fins.

Females may display a smaller, less prominent nuchal hump or none at all. During the breeding season, females may become rounder in the belly area, indicating they are carrying eggs. Observing the differences in size, body shape, and head structure will help in identifying males and females in a mature Frontosa colony.

Breeding

Frontosa Cichlids are maternal mouthbrooders, known for their fascinating breeding behavior. The male establishes a territory or a cave-like structure within the aquarium, often choosing a flat, smooth surface for the female to lay her eggs. After a courtship display, the female lays around 30-50 large eggs on this surface. The male then fertilizes the eggs, and the female quickly gathers them into her mouth for protection.

Unlike many cichlid species, Frontosas have a relatively long incubation period. The female holds the eggs and later the fry in her mouth for up to 6-8 weeks, during which she refrains from eating. After the incubation period, the female releases the free-swimming fry. At this stage, it's essential to provide a safe environment for the fry, as they are vulnerable to predation. Feeding the fry newly hatched brine shrimp and finely crushed flakes will support their growth and development.

Lifespan

Frontosa Cichlids are known for their impressive longevity, with a lifespan that can exceed 25 years in captivity. Their long life expectancy means that they require a long-term commitment from aquarists. Providing stable water conditions, a balanced diet, and a spacious environment is key to ensuring that these fish live a full and healthy life.

Tank Setup and Environment

Creating a suitable environment for Frontosa Cichlids involves mimicking their natural habitat in Lake Tanganyika. A large, spacious tank is essential, with a minimum size of 500 liters (130 gallons) for a small group of these fish. Frontosas prefer a rocky setup with plenty of caves, overhangs, and crevices to provide them with hiding places and territories. The substrate should consist of fine sand or smooth gravel to allow them to dig and forage without injuring themselves.

Water quality is crucial for Frontosas, as they are sensitive to changes in water parameters. Maintain a pH level between 7.0 and 9.0 and a temperature range of 23-29 °C (73.4-84.2°F). These cichlids thrive in hard, alkaline water, similar to the conditions of Lake Tanganyika. Efficient filtration and regular water changes are essential to keep the water clean and free from toxins.

Lighting should be moderate to low, as Frontosas do not appreciate bright lights. Using subdued lighting and providing shaded areas with rocks or caves will help them feel secure. Adding tall, hardy plants like Anubias or Java Fern can enhance the tank's appearance while providing additional cover, but ensure they are anchored securely to avoid being uprooted by the cichlids.

Compatibility and Tank Mates

Frontosa Cichlids are relatively peaceful compared to other African cichlids, but they are best kept in a species-specific setup or with other large, non-aggressive tank mates. Suitable companions include other Tanganyikan cichlids like Cyphotilapia gibberosa, Altolamprologus calvus, and peaceful bottom dwellers like Synodontis catfish. Avoid keeping them with smaller fish, as they may view them as food due to their piscivorous nature.

When keeping Frontosas in a community tank, ensure that the tank is spacious enough to accommodate all inhabitants without overcrowding. This helps reduce territorial disputes and stress. Maintain a group of at least 5-7 Frontosas to allow them to form a natural hierarchy and reduce aggression within the group.

Short Description

Frontosa Cichlids (Cyphotilapia frontosa) are large, peaceful cichlids known for their distinct nuchal hump and striking vertical stripes. Native to the deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, they are a favorite among aquarists for their unique appearance and intriguing behaviors. With a lifespan of over 25 years, these cichlids require a spacious, well-maintained aquarium with plenty of rockwork and hiding spots. Although they have a slow growth rate, their impressive size and captivating presence make them a rewarding species to keep in a home aquarium.

Frontosas are best suited for experienced aquarists due to their specific water requirements and long-term care needs. They thrive in stable environments with hard, alkaline water and prefer a diet rich in protein, including live and frozen foods. Their gentle temperament allows them to coexist with other large, non-aggressive cichlids, making them an excellent choice for a Tanganyikan-themed tank.

Pictures

Thanks to Alberto Villarroya for pictures. Others were bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.