Red discus - Symphysodon discus

Scientific name: Symphysodon discus

Common name: Red discus

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 10 - 13 cm (3.94 - 5.12 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 4.3 - 6

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 0 - 4°N (0 - 71.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 26 - 30 °C (78.8 - 86°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Short Description

The Red Discus (Symphysodon discus) is a stunning freshwater fish from South America, prized for its vibrant red coloration and graceful swimming behavior. This species thrives in soft, acidic water and is best suited for experienced aquarists. Known for their calm and peaceful nature, Red Discus require excellent water quality, a high-protein diet, and a carefully maintained tank setup. They are monogamous spawners, making breeding both challenging and rewarding.

Feeding

The Red Discus has a specialized diet that requires a balance of high-protein and nutrient-rich foods. To maintain vibrant coloration and overall health, provide a varied diet consisting of:

• High-quality pellets or granules: Choose specially formulated discus pellets rich in protein and vitamins.
• Live or frozen foods: Include bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia, white worms, and blackworms as protein-rich supplements.
• Beef heart mix: Helps enhance coloration and growth. Prepare by blending lean beef heart with spinach, shrimp, and vitamins.
• Vegetables: Occasionally offer blanched spinach, peas, or spirulina-based foods for fiber and essential nutrients.

Feeding Tips:

• Feed small portions multiple times per day (3-4 times) to prevent food waste.
• Avoid leaving uneaten food in the tank to maintain excellent water quality.
• Use a variety of foods to meet nutritional needs and prevent deficiencies.

Sexing

Distinguishing males from females in Red Discus is challenging, especially in juvenile fish. However, as they mature, some subtle differences may appear:

• Males: Develop larger dorsal and anal fins, which may be more pointed.
• Females: Have a rounder body shape, especially when carrying eggs.
• Breeding tube: Females develop a broader and more rounded ovipositor, while males have a thinner, pointed breeding tube.

Best way to identify sex: Observe behavior during breeding. The female lays eggs, while the male fertilizes them.

Breeding

Breeding Symphysodon discus can be challenging and requires specific water conditions.

Breeding Conditions

• Maintain soft, acidic water (pH 4.3 - 6.0) with very low hardness (0 - 4 dGH).
• Increase temperature slightly to 28 - 30°C (82 - 86°F).
• Provide flat surfaces (rocks, large leaves, or breeding cones) for egg-laying.

Spawning Process

1. A bonded pair cleans a selected spawning site.
2. The female lays eggs in rows, which the male fertilizes.
3. Parents fan the eggs and protect them from fungus and predators.
4. Eggs hatch within 48-72 hours, and larvae remain attached to the spawning site.
5. After 3-5 days, the fry become free-swimming and feed on their parents' mucus secretion for the first 1-2 weeks.

Raising Fry

• Once free-swimming, introduce newly hatched brine shrimp as the first solid food.
• Perform frequent water changes (20-30% daily) to maintain pristine conditions.

Lifespan & General Care

The Red Discus can live up to 10 years with excellent care.

Ideal Tank Setup

• Tank Size: Minimum 50 gallons (190 liters) for a small group.
• Water Parameters:
  • Temperature: 26 - 30°C (78.8 - 86°F)
  • pH: 4.3 - 6.0
  • Hardness: 0 - 4 dGH (soft water)
• Filtration: Use a high-quality sponge or canister filter to maintain excellent water quality while avoiding strong currents.

Tank Mates

Best kept in a species-only setup or with calm, non-aggressive tank mates, such as:

• Neon Tetras
• Cardinal Tetras
• Corydoras Catfish
• Small Plecos

Avoid: Boisterous or aggressive fish like Oscars or fin-nipping species.

Expert Tip:

Regular water changes (30-50% weekly) are necessary to maintain stable conditions, as Red Discus are sensitive to water pollutants.

Pictures