Suckermouth catfish - Hypostomus plecostomus

Scientific name: Hypostomus plecostomus

Common name: Suckermouth catfish

Family: Loricariidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 45 - 52 cm (17.72 - 20.47 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.4 - 7.6

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 10 - 25°N (178.57 - 446.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Origin

The Suckermouth catfish is native to South America, primarily found in the waterways of the Orinoco River.

Lifespan

The expected lifespan of the Hypostomus plecostomus is 10 to 15 years.

Short Description

Hypostomus plecostomus is often housed in smaller tanks that do not accommodate its full adult size. Many beginners may not realize how large these fish can grow, as they are typically sold as juveniles. However, when given a sufficiently large aquarium, they make an excellent addition to the setup. In milder climates, they can even be kept in outdoor ponds, but always verify conditions before making such a move. Commonly known as the “common plec,” the name may understate their beauty, yet they remain popular due to their hardiness and ability to adapt to various water parameters. Despite their resilience, maintaining high water quality is still essential. Include rocks or artificial caves to offer hiding spots and keep the lighting subdued. They produce a significant amount of waste, so ensure your filtration system is adequate and perform regular water changes of at least 10% weekly.

Live plants can be added to the aquarium, but be prepared for possible damage. These fish may uproot plants and even nibble on certain species of leaves.

As juveniles, they are peaceful and will interact well with each other. However, as they mature, they become territorial and may show aggression toward their own species and other bottom dwellers. It is recommended to keep only one specimen per aquarium.

Food and Feeding

While Suckermouth catfish will eat almost anything offered, their diet should be primarily plant-based. Spirulina flakes or pellets, along with algae wafers, are ideal as their main food. Occasional treats like bloodworms and brine shrimp are also well received. Since they are mostly nocturnal, feeding them in the evening is more effective. In the past, they were simply considered algae eaters, and their diet was often neglected. However, it is now widely recognized that these fish require a varied diet just like other tank inhabitants.

Sexing

Adult males develop thicker pectoral fins with a pinkish tint. When viewed from above, females often have a stockier body shape.

Breeding

There are currently no reported cases of this fish breeding in home aquariums. In the wild, they use holes in riverbanks as spawning sites. Like many plecos, the male takes on the parental duties. After fertilizing the eggs, the female has no further role in raising the young.