Dwarf suckermouth - Otocinclus vittatus

Scientific name: Otocinclus vittatus

Common name: Dwarf suckermouth

Family: Loricariidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 3 - 4 cm (1.18 - 1.57 inch)

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Recommended pH range: 6 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness: 4 - 16°N (71.43 - 285.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature range: 21 - 26 °C (69.8 - 78.8°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Origin

The Dwarf Suckermouth, Otocinclus vittatus, originates from South America. This species is predominantly found in Brazil, although other members of the Otocinclus family can be found in broader regions, including Peru and Argentina.

Short description

The Dwarf Suckermouth is a small species of catfish, significantly smaller than many of its relatives, which can grow to much larger sizes. Adult Dwarf Suckermouths typically reach a maximum length of about 2 inches (5 cm), though many individuals remain slightly smaller. In their natural habitat, these fish are found in vegetated waterways, as well as in open waters, where they often form shoals while searching for food on sunken debris covered with algae. While they are often introduced into aquariums as "tank cleaners," it's important to remember that their dietary needs extend beyond just algae. Unfortunately, many of these fish have shorter lifespans in captivity because they are not provided with a varied diet once the available algae is depleted. For this reason, it’s vital to avoid adding them to a newly set up tank; they require an established aquarium with high water quality to thrive.

Lifespan

When properly cared for, the Dwarf Suckermouth can live for an average of 3 to 5 years.

General care

As mentioned earlier, Otocinclus species should never be added to a tank that is not fully matured. They thrive in pristine water conditions with stable water parameters and an initial source of algae. Planted tanks are ideal because these fish enjoy grazing on plant leaves, and they adapt well to various lighting conditions. A well-rated filtration system is essential, along with regular water changes of at least 10% of the total water volume every week. These fish prefer cooler water, with an ideal temperature range between 21-26°C (69.8-78.8°F), making them well-suited for aquariums maintained at room temperature in cooler climates. Although they prefer slightly acidic water, they can tolerate a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Otocinclus vittatus is a peaceful species and should be housed only with other gentle species that can handle similar water conditions.

Feeding

While the Dwarf Suckermouth is often introduced into aquariums as part of a cleanup crew due to its algae-eating habits, this should not be its sole food source. They will greatly benefit from supplemental feeding with algae wafers and a variety of green vegetables, such as zucchini or blanched peas.

Sexing

Sexing these fish can be challenging, but mature males are generally smaller and develop a slimmer body shape compared to females. The females tend to be more robust, particularly when they are ready to breed.

Breeding

In their natural habitat, Otocinclus vittatus are prolific breeders, often reproducing in large groups. This behavior can be easily replicated in an aquarium setting. To encourage breeding, provide the breeding tank with plenty of plants where the fish can deposit their eggs. The eggs will be attached to the plant leaves, and after a few days, the fry will hatch. The adult fish do not pose a threat to the eggs, so they can be left in the aquarium. Once the fry become free-swimming, they can be fed with Infusoria to ensure proper growth and development.