Spotted hoplo - Megalechis thoracata

Scientific name: Megalechis thoracata

Common name: Spotted hoplo

Family: Callichthyidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 15 - 16 cm (5.91 - 6.3 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 18°N (71.43 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 18 - 27 °C (64.4 - 80.6°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Food and Feeding

The Spotted Hoplo (Megalechis thoracata) is an omnivorous bottom-dweller that readily accepts a wide variety of foods. Their diet should include sinking algae wafers, high-quality pellets, and live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. They will also scavenge uneaten food from the substrate, making them excellent tank cleaners. Feeding should be done in small portions once or twice a day to maintain their health and prevent overfeeding.

Origin and Natural Habitat

Native to South America, the Spotted Hoplo is found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as in the coastal rivers of Brazil. They typically inhabit slow-moving or still waters with muddy or sandy substrates, often in areas with submerged vegetation. These fish are known for their ability to tolerate low-oxygen environments by using their specialized respiratory system to gulp air from the surface.

Sexing

Sexing Megalechis thoracata becomes easier as they mature. Males develop thicker and more pronounced pectoral fins, often with a distinctive orange or scarlet tinge. In contrast, females generally appear rounder and fuller-bodied, especially when carrying eggs.

Breeding

The Spotted Hoplo is a bubble-nest builder, an unusual characteristic among catfish species. In a breeding setup, provide floating plants or other structures where the male can construct the nest. After spawning, the female should be removed from the tank, as the male will aggressively guard the nest. The eggs hatch within four days, and the fry become free-swimming after another two days. Newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food should be offered to the fry.

Lifespan

With proper care, Megalechis thoracata can live between 4 to 8 years. Maintaining stable water conditions, a high-quality diet, and a clean environment will help ensure a long and healthy life.

Tank Requirements and Behavior

Spotted Hoplos are hardy and adaptable fish that thrive in well-maintained aquariums. They require a minimum tank size of 100 liters (26 gallons) with a soft or sandy substrate to mimic their natural habitat. These fish are peaceful but can become boisterous during feeding times. They enjoy digging and sifting through the substrate, so avoid sharp-edged gravel. Hiding spots such as driftwood, caves, or dense vegetation should be provided to make them feel secure.

Suitable Tankmates

Due to their peaceful nature, Spotted Hoplos are excellent community fish and can be housed with a variety of similarly tempered species. Ideal tankmates include:

Corydoras Catfish (Corydoras spp.)
Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)
Tetras (Hyphessobrycon spp. & Paracheirodon spp.)
Gouramis (Belontiidae, Osphronemidae, and Helostomidae)
Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia spp.)

Suitable Plants

While Spotted Hoplos do not heavily interact with plants, adding live plants can enhance their environment by providing shelter and improving water quality. Recommended plant species include:

Anubias (Anubias spp.)
Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)
Amazon Sword (Echinodorus amazonicus)
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Short Description

Megalechis thoracata, commonly known as the Spotted Hoplo, is a hardy and peaceful bottom-dwelling catfish. Known for their bubble-nesting breeding behavior, they make a fascinating addition to community aquariums. These fish are excellent scavengers and tolerate a range of water conditions, making them ideal for both beginner and experienced aquarists. Although generally peaceful, they may become more active and assertive during feeding times.