Cascarudo - Callichthys callichthys

Scientific name: Callichthys callichthys

Common name: Cascarudo

Family: Callichthyidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 13 - 17 cm (5.12 - 6.69 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 5.8 - 8.2

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 24°N (71.43 - 428.57ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 21 - 27 °C (69.8 - 80.6°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Food and Feeding

Cascarudo, also known as the Armored Catfish, is an omnivore with a strong preference for live foods. While they will accept quality flakes or sinking pellets as part of their diet, supplement their meals with protein-rich options like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small invertebrates. Take care, as Cascarudo may prey on small tank mates if they fit into their mouths. Feeding them in the evening aligns with their nocturnal nature and ensures they remain active and healthy.

Origin

Native to South America, Cascarudo inhabits a vast region, including the Amazon and Paraguay River Basins. These rivers are characterized by slow-moving waters, rich vegetation, and sandy substrates. This wide distribution makes them adaptable to various water conditions, provided the environment is stable and well-maintained in aquariums.

Sexing

Sexual dimorphism is evident in Cascarudo. Females exhibit an olive-green body coloration, while males are typically more vibrant, especially during the breeding season. Observing their behavior during courtship can also help distinguish the sexes, as males actively build and guard bubble nests.

Breeding

Cascarudo is a bubble-nesting species. The male constructs a bubble nest at the water's surface, often incorporating floating plants for added stability. Once the nest is ready, the male invites the female to lay eggs within it. After spawning, the male assumes full parental duties, guarding the nest until the fry emerge. Hatching typically occurs within a few days, and the fry become free-swimming after about four weeks. Feed the fry newly hatched brine shrimp or finely crushed flake food to support their early development.

Lifespan

With proper care, Cascarudo can live for 5-8 years. Regular maintenance of water quality and a varied diet are key to their longevity and well-being.

Tank Setup and Conditions

Cascarudo requires a spacious tank with a capacity of at least 100 liters (26 gallons) to accommodate their size and active behavior. A tight-fitting lid is essential, as they are excellent jumpers and may escape if the tank is not properly secured. Use a soft, sandy substrate to mimic their natural habitat and prevent injuries to their barbels.

Provide plenty of hiding spots using driftwood, rocks, and dense vegetation to create a secure environment, especially during the daytime when they are less active. Maintain water temperatures between 21-27°C (69.8-80.6°F), a pH of 5.8-8.2, and moderate hardness levels. Keep the tank dimly lit to reflect their nocturnal nature, and perform regular water changes to maintain high water quality.

Compatibility

Cascarudo is a peaceful species that thrives in community tanks with similarly sized non-aggressive fish. Ideal tankmates include Angelfish, larger Tetras, and other South American species like Ram Cichlids. Avoid housing them with very small or delicate fish, as they may inadvertently become prey.

Short Description

The Cascarudo (Callichthys callichthys) is a nocturnal, bottom-dwelling catfish known for its impressive jumping ability and armored appearance. These hardy fish are well-suited for aquarists who can provide a secure, well-maintained environment with plenty of hiding spaces and a peaceful community of tankmates. With proper care, they make a fascinating and unique addition to South American-themed aquariums.