Pearl gourami - Trichogaster leeri

Scientific name: Trichogaster leeri

Common name: Pearl gourami

Family: Osphronemidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 9 - 12 cm (3.54 - 4.72 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.5 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 18°N (71.43 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 28 °C (73.4 - 82.4°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South Asia

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Top levels

Origin

The Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leeri) originates from the freshwater habitats of Borneo, Sumatra, and Thailand. They are commonly found in slow-moving rivers, swamps, and floodplains, where the water is warm, soft, and slightly acidic. Their natural habitat is rich in aquatic vegetation, providing plenty of cover.

Lifespan

With proper care, the expected lifespan of a Pearl Gourami is between 4 to 6 years. Some individuals may live longer in well-maintained aquariums with optimal water conditions.

Short Description

The Pearl Gourami is a peaceful and elegant species, ideal for community tanks. Their shimmering, pearl-like patterns and distinctive orange-red throat make them one of the most visually striking gouramis. However, while they are generally docile, males can become territorial with one another, especially during breeding. It is best to keep only one male per tank or provide ample space with hiding places.

They thrive in planted aquariums with plenty of cover, such as Java Fern or Cryptocoryne. Adding driftwood or smooth rocks provides additional hiding spots, ensuring a stress-free environment. Open swimming spaces are essential, and the water flow should be kept moderate to mimic their natural habitat.

Feeding

Pearl Gouramis are omnivores and will readily accept a variety of foods. A well-balanced diet includes:

Staple diet: High-quality flake food or sinking pellets.
Protein sources: Frozen or live foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia.
Vegetable matter: Blanched spinach, zucchini, or spirulina flakes.

For optimal health and coloration, feed them small portions 2-3 times a day and vary their diet regularly.

Sexing

Sexing Pearl Gouramis is relatively straightforward:

Males: More vibrant coloration, particularly in the throat area, which develops a reddish or orange hue. They also have more elongated and pointed dorsal and anal fins.
Females: Slightly duller in color and have a rounder belly, especially when carrying eggs.

Breeding

Pearl Gouramis are bubble nest builders, with males creating a nest at the water’s surface using bubbles reinforced with plant fragments. To encourage breeding:

Provide floating plants like Pistia stratiotes or Common Duckweed to help support the nest.
Keep the water temperature at 26-28°C (78-82°F).
Reduce water flow to ensure the stability of the bubble nest.

Once the nest is ready, the male entices the female to spawn by performing an elaborate courtship display. During spawning, the pair entwines, and the female releases up to 200-300 eggs, which the male fertilizes and carefully places into the nest.

Post-spawning care:

Remove the female immediately after spawning, as the male becomes aggressive in guarding the nest.
The eggs hatch in 24-36 hours, and the fry become free-swimming after another 3-5 days.
Feed the fry Infusoria or newly hatched brine shrimp until they grow large enough for crushed flakes.