South american molly - Poecilia caucana

Scientific name: Poecilia caucana

Common name: South american molly

Family: Poeciliidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 3 - 4 cm (1.18 - 1.57 inch)

014

Recommended pH range for the species: 6.9 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 8 - 19°N (142.86 - 339.29ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 25 - 30 °C (77 - 86°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Pseudo-Livebearer

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Top levels

Food and Feeding

South American mollies (Poecilia caucana) are omnivorous and will readily accept a variety of foods. A high-quality flake food should serve as the primary diet, but supplementation with spirulina flakes and algae wafers is beneficial for optimal health. They also enjoy occasional treats of live or frozen foods, such as brine shrimp and daphnia, which can be offered twice a week to promote vibrant coloration and overall well-being.

Origin and Natural Habitat

Native to South America, Poecilia caucana can be found in freshwater and brackish waterways across Panama, Venezuela, and Colombia. They inhabit slow-moving rivers, streams, and coastal estuaries, thriving in warm, slightly alkaline waters with abundant vegetation.

Sexing

Sexing Poecilia caucana is relatively straightforward. Females tend to be slightly larger and fuller-bodied, while males possess a specialized anal fin called a gonopodium, which is used for reproduction.

Breeding

Poecilia caucana is a pseudo-livebearer, meaning the females can store sperm for extended periods and continue to produce offspring even in the absence of males. They breed prolifically with little intervention from aquarists. Once fertilized, females give birth to live young every few days. A dark gravid spot near the anal fin becomes visible as they near birth.

Lifespan

With proper care, Poecilia caucana can live between 4 to 6 years. Providing a well-balanced diet and stable water conditions will help maximize their lifespan.

Tank Requirements and Behavior

These fish are highly adaptable and can tolerate a range of water conditions, but they thrive in neutral to slightly alkaline environments. They are peaceful and best kept in small groups to encourage natural behaviors. Although they primarily occupy the top levels of the tank, they will occasionally explore the mid-water areas. Regular water changes and a well-maintained aquarium are crucial for their long-term health.

Suitable Tankmates

Due to their peaceful nature, South American mollies can coexist with a variety of other non-aggressive fish species. Suitable tankmates include:

Neon Tetras (Paracheirodon innesi)
Harlequin Rasboras (Trigonostigma heteromorpha)
Corydoras Catfish (Corydoras spp.)
Platies (Xiphophorus maculatus)
Guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Pearl Gouramis (Trichogaster leerii)

Suitable Plants

Live plants not only enhance the aesthetics of the aquarium but also provide hiding spots for fry. While Poecilia caucana may nibble on certain plants, they generally do not cause significant damage. Recommended plant species include:

Anubias (Anubias spp.)
Java Moss (Vesicularia dubyana)
Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis)
Amazon Sword (Echinodorus amazonicus)
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Short Description

Poecilia caucana is a hardy and adaptable species well-suited for community aquariums. They require minimal special care, preferring neutral to slightly alkaline water conditions. While they may nibble on plants, their impact is minimal. Their peaceful nature and ease of breeding make them an excellent choice for beginner aquarists and seasoned fish keepers alike.