Synnema triflorum

Scientific name: Synnema triflorum

Family: Acanthaceae

Maximum size reached under cultivation: 30 - 45 cm (11.81 - 17.72 inch)

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Recommended pH range: 6.5 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness: 4 - 18°dGH (71.43 - 321.43ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature range: 20 - 27 °C (68 - 80.6°F)

Preferred propagation method: Cuttings

Native to: South Asia

Growth rate: Fast

Recommended substrate: Gravel

Lighting requirements: Bright

Ideal placement in tank: Background

Common Name

Synnema triflorum (sometimes referred to as False Water Wisteria)

Origin

Synnema triflorum is native to Southeast Asia, particularly regions such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. It naturally grows in wetland areas, along riverbanks, and in seasonally flooded zones, making it well adapted to both aquatic and semi-aquatic environments.

Growing Conditions

This plant thrives in both submerged and emersed conditions. When grown underwater, its leaves remain soft and flexible, adapting to flowing or still water. In emersed settings, the plant develops stronger stems and may produce small, delicate flowers.

Synnema triflorum prefers bright lighting and nutrient-rich water to maintain healthy, vigorous growth. It tolerates a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5 and water hardness between 4–18 dGH. The optimal temperature for this species is 20–27°C (68–80.6°F). The use of CO₂ supplementation and regular fertilization will enhance coloration and leaf size.

Planting Area

Due to its potential height of 30–45cm (11.8–17.7 inches), Synnema triflorum is best placed in the background of the aquarium. It provides shelter for fish and fry while contributing to the natural aquascape. The broad leaves should not be crowded; adequate spacing is recommended for proper development.

Propagation

This plant is propagated easily through stem cuttings. Take a healthy side shoot or top portion of the stem and remove the lower leaves. Insert the bare section into the gravel substrate, being careful not to damage the stem. Within a short period, the cutting will produce roots and grow into a new plant. In emersed setups, flowering is possible, but vegetative propagation remains the most reliable method.

Difficulty

Synnema triflorum is considered a moderately easy plant to grow. While adaptable, it performs best in well-maintained aquariums with consistent lighting and nutrient dosing. Sudden deficiencies in iron or macronutrients may cause leaf yellowing or stunted growth.

Short Description

Synnema triflorum is an attractive and fast-growing aquatic plant suitable for background placement in tropical freshwater tanks. Often misidentified as Hygrophila difformis, this species features broader, less dissected leaves and a more upright growth habit.

With proper care, it can grow both submerged and emersed, and in open-top aquariums it may extend above the waterline. Its ability to absorb nitrates and excess nutrients helps improve water quality and control algae. Regular trimming helps manage its size and encourages bushier growth.

Although sometimes referred to as "False Water Wisteria," Synnema triflorum is a distinct species and should not be confused with Hygrophila difformis.