Coral butterfly puffer - Tetraodon lineatus

Scientific name: Tetraodon lineatus

Common name: Coral butterfly puffer

Family: Tetraodontidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 40 - 44 cm (15.75 - 17.32 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.6 - 7.4

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 6 - 16°N (107.14 - 285.71ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 26 °C (73.4 - 78.8°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: Africa

Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial

Usual place in the tank: Middle levels

Origin

Tetraodon lineatus, commonly known as the Coral Butterfly Puffer or Nile Puffer, is native to freshwater river systems of West Africa, particularly the Nile, Gambia, and Senegal rivers. In the wild, it inhabits slow-moving or still waters such as swamps, lakes, and floodplains where dense vegetation and hiding spots are abundant.

Short Description

Tetraodon lineatus is a large, highly intelligent, and aggressive pufferfish that can grow up to 44 cm (17 inches). Due to its territorial nature, it is best kept in a species-only tank. It has a vibrant yellow-and-black striped body and is known for its alert behavior and ability to recognize its owner. These fish produce a high bio-load, so powerful filtration and strict maintenance are essential. Never add this fish to a newly set-up tank, as it is extremely sensitive to ammonia and nitrite. A mature, cycled tank is a must.

Because of their strong beak-like teeth (which continuously grow), they must be offered hard-shelled food regularly to prevent overgrowth. They also have the ability to puff up with water or air when threatened—a natural defense mechanism.

Lifespan

With proper care and a suitable environment, the Coral Butterfly Puffer can live up to 10 years or longer in captivity.

General Care

Minimum tank size: 500 liters (132 gallons)
Tank setup: Sand substrate, driftwood, caves, and shaded hiding spots
Water conditions: pH 6.6–7.4; dGH 6–16°N; temperature 23–26°C (73–79°F)
Tank mates: Not recommended due to aggression; best kept alone
Filtration: Heavy-duty system with weekly water changes (25–50%)

Artificial plants are preferred, as real plants may be uprooted or damaged by the puffer’s inquisitive behavior.

Feeding

Tetraodon lineatus is carnivorous and has a powerful appetite. Its diet should include:

Snails (crucial for beak maintenance)
Whole shellfish (clams, mussels)
Chopped crab, crayfish, shrimp
Occasional earthworms or krill

Avoid feeder fish due to the high risk of parasite or disease transmission.

Sexing

There are no reliable external differences between males and females of this species.

Breeding

Breeding Tetraodon lineatus in captivity is extremely rare and not well-documented. Their aggressive behavior makes pairing difficult. In nature, they reproduce by spawning in shallow, secluded areas, where the male may guard the eggs. However, successful breeding in home aquariums has only been achieved by a few experienced specialists with large custom tanks and careful management.