Proserpinaca palustris

Scientific name: Proserpinaca palustris

Family: Haloragaceae

Usual maximum size in aquariums: 10 - 40 cm (3.94 - 15.75 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 5 - 7.5

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 0 - 12°N (0 - 214.29ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 15 - 28 °C (59 - 82.4°F)

Reproduction of the plant: Cuttings

Origin (in the wild): Central America

How fast these plants grow: Fast

Recommended substrate: Fine gravel

Demands on lighting: Bright

Ideal placement in a fish tank: Background

Common Name

Mermaid Weed

Origin

Proserpinaca palustris originates from North and Central America, where it inhabits marshes, ponds, swamps, and slow-moving waterways. It grows in both emersed and submerged conditions depending on water levels and season. This species is especially appreciated in aquascaping for its decorative and variable foliage.

Growing Conditions

Proserpinaca palustris can thrive in both submerged and emersed environments. When grown submerged, it develops finely divided, feather-like leaves with coppery, reddish hues — a striking contrast to typical green plants. In its emersed form, the leaves are broader, lighter green, and sometimes display serrated edges.

For optimal growth and coloration, provide this plant with bright lighting. Under insufficient light, the plant may lose its lower leaves or grow sparsely. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral water with a pH range of 5 to 7.5 and water hardness between 0 - 12 dGH. Temperature tolerance is broad — from 15 to 28 °C (59 - 82.4°F) — making it suitable for both tropical and temperate aquariums.

Planting Area

Due to its vertical growth and colorful appearance, Proserpinaca palustris is best suited for the background of medium to large aquariums. It adds texture and visual interest with its delicate leaves and copper-toned stems. Plant in groups for a more impactful effect, but allow space for light to reach lower leaves.

Propagation

This species is easily propagated by taking cuttings from healthy stems. Simply trim the top portion of the plant and remove the lower leaves. Insert the cutting into fine gravel substrate, ensuring the stem isn’t crushed. The new plant will root within a few days to weeks under suitable conditions. Even single leaf nodes can sometimes generate new roots if given enough nutrients and light.

Difficulty

Proserpinaca palustris is rated as moderately difficult to grow. While it is not overly sensitive, it does require consistent lighting and water parameters. Occasional trimming and nutrient supplementation (including iron) may be needed to maintain lush growth and prevent leaf drop.

Short Description

Proserpinaca palustris, commonly known as Mermaid Weed, is a fast-growing aquatic plant admired for its coppery, feather-like submerged leaves and its ability to adapt to various water conditions. It makes a dramatic statement in background planting and is ideal for aquascapers seeking color and texture. Although it requires bright light and stable conditions, its ornamental value makes it worth the extra care.

This plant can be grown emersed in paludariums or open-top tanks, where it may develop simpler, more serrated leaves. Its submerged form, however, is especially decorative and sought after for display aquariums. Regular trimming and careful nutrient balance will keep this plant thriving.