Crocodile catfish - Bagarius suchus

Scientific name: Bagarius suchus

Common name: Crocodile catfish

Family: Sisoridae

Usual size in fish tanks: 65 - 71 cm (25.59 - 27.95 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.4 - 7

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 14°N (71.43 - 250ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 20 - 24 °C (68 - 75.2°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South Asia

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Diet and Feeding

The Crocodile Catfish, also known as Bagarius suchus, is a predatory species that requires a high-protein diet to thrive. In their natural habitat, they are opportunistic feeders, consuming smaller fish, crustaceans, and invertebrates. In captivity, they should be provided with a varied diet that includes live or frozen foods such as shrimp, prawns, fish fillets, and earthworms. For larger specimens, feeder fish can be offered occasionally, but it is crucial to ensure the feeder fish are disease-free to prevent the introduction of parasites into the aquarium.

Due to their predatory nature, Crocodile Catfish are best fed in the evening or at night when they are most active. It is essential to monitor their feeding habits closely to avoid overfeeding, as this can lead to poor water quality and health issues. Offering food every 2-3 days is generally sufficient for adult specimens, while juveniles may require more frequent feedings.

Natural Habitat and Origin

Bagarius suchus is native to the fast-flowing rivers of Southeast Asia, including parts of India, Thailand, and Myanmar. These rivers are characterized by strong currents, rocky substrates, and cooler water temperatures. In the wild, they often inhabit areas with plenty of hiding spots created by rocks, submerged roots, and debris. Recreating these conditions in the aquarium is crucial for the well-being of this species.

To mimic their natural habitat in a home aquarium, provide a spacious tank with a strong water current using powerful filtration or a water pump. Include plenty of hiding places with rocks, driftwood, and caves to help them feel secure. A sandy substrate or smooth river stones can be used to replicate their natural environment.

Sexual Dimorphism

Sexing Crocodile Catfish is challenging, especially in juvenile specimens. Mature males are typically slimmer than females and may have slightly more pronounced coloration. However, these differences can be subtle, and determining the sex of Bagarius suchus with certainty usually requires close observation and experience.

Breeding Behavior

Breeding Crocodile Catfish in captivity is extremely rare, with no well-documented cases reported. In the wild, they are believed to spawn in deep river channels with strong currents. The lack of breeding success in aquariums may be due to their specific environmental requirements and complex reproductive behaviors, which are challenging to replicate in captivity.

Expected Lifespan

With proper care, Crocodile Catfish can live for up to 10 years in captivity. Providing a spacious tank, maintaining high water quality, and offering a varied diet are essential for ensuring a long and healthy life. Regular monitoring of water parameters and performing frequent water changes are necessary to keep this species in optimal condition.

Aquarium Setup and Care Requirements

Due to their large size and predatory nature, Crocodile Catfish require a substantial aquarium. A tank of at least 500 liters (132 gallons) is recommended for juveniles, while adults will need even larger tanks. They thrive in environments with strong water currents, so installing a high-flow filtration system is crucial. This not only provides the necessary current but also helps maintain water quality by removing waste and uneaten food.

Use a soft substrate like sand or smooth gravel to allow the fish to rest on the tank bottom without injury. Include large rocks, driftwood, and caves to offer hiding spots and create a natural, river-like environment. These hiding places help reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors.

Bagarius suchus prefers cooler water temperatures, typically between 20-24°C (68-75°F). Keeping the water slightly on the cooler side mimics their natural habitat and can help prevent stress. It is also important to ensure that the aquarium is well-covered, as these catfish are known to be powerful jumpers.

Compatibility and Tank Mates

Crocodile Catfish are best kept alone or with other large, robust species. Due to their predatory nature, they can view smaller fish as prey. Suitable tank mates include other large, non-aggressive fish such as Arowanas, Giant Gouramis, and larger species of catfish like Redtail Catfish. Avoid housing them with small or delicate fish, as they are likely to be eaten.

When keeping them with other large fish, it is essential to provide ample space and hiding spots to minimize territorial disputes. Monitor interactions closely to ensure compatibility, as even larger tank mates can become stressed by the presence of a predator like Bagarius suchus.

Short Description

Bagarius suchus, commonly known as the Crocodile Catfish, is a formidable predatory fish that requires a spacious and well-oxygenated aquarium. They thrive in environments that mimic their natural habitat, with strong currents, cool water, and plenty of hiding places. Due to their size and dietary needs, they are best suited for experienced aquarists who can meet their demanding care requirements.